Pablo Escobar escapes from La Catedral prison (1992), and Japan completes final war reparation payment to the Philippines (1976). Born on this day: Selena Gomez, Gustav Hertz and Willem Dafoe. Died: Clement X, Charles VII and Napoléon-François-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte, duke von Reichstadt.
30 events, 60 births and 56 deaths on this date.
Escobar walked out of La Catedral, the prison he had largely built and where he was held under a 1991 surrender deal. The escape embarrassed the government and launched a manhunt that ended with his death in 1993.
Colombian National Police · Public domainJapan made its last payment under a reparations agreement for wartime atrocities committed during its occupation of the Philippines in the Second World War. The settlement closed a long dispute over compensation for the suffering of Filipino civilians and soldiers.
Shakespeare's play was formally entered on the Stationers' Register, the body that licensed printed works under Elizabeth's decree. That arrangement gave the Crown a firm hold over everything that was published.
A bomb went off among spectators at a Preparedness Day parade in San Francisco, killing ten people and wounding around forty. The attack was never solved to the satisfaction of many, and it fed bitter disputes over labour and anti-war activism in the city.
On this day, surveyors for the Connecticut Land Company chose the name Cleveland for their settlement on the Ohio shore of Lake Erie, honouring General Moses Cleaveland, who was leading the team. The name stuck, and the place grew into the largest city on the lake.
On this day, Governor Thomas Dongan granted Albany formal status as a chartered municipality under English rule. The charter marked the start of Albany's self-government, and the city later became New York's capital.
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Selena Gomez is an American singer, actress and producer, best known for playing Alex Russo in the Disney Channel sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place. She has also built a music career, with hits such as Lose You to Love Me and Calm Down.
Frank Sun · CC BY-SA 4.0
A German experimental physicist whose work on how electrons strike atoms won him, alongside James Franck, the 1925 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is remembered mainly for that shared prize, and he also taught at universities.
Bain News Service, publisher · Public domain
American actor known for Platoon, Shadow of the Vampire and The Last Temptation of Christ, and for working with directors such as Wes Anderson and Lars von Trier. He has earned four Academy Award nominations.
Georges Biard · CC BY-SA 3.0
Born Emilio Altieri into Roman nobility, he became pope at nearly 80 and ruled the Papal States until his death. He is remembered for suspending Portuguese Inquisition proceedings in 1674 and for creating 20 cardinals.
Giovanni Battista Gaulli · Public domain
Charles VII, who ruled France from 1422, died at Mehun-sur-Yèvre. He had reclaimed much of the kingdom from English and Burgundian control, ending the Hundred Years' War's worst years.
Public domain
Napoleon II, the son of Napoleon I, was briefly titular Emperor of the French in 1815 but never ruled. He lived out his short life in Vienna under Habsburg care and died of tuberculosis at 21.
Moritz Michael Daffinger · Public domain
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