Octavian holds first of three triumphs for Dalmatian victory (29 BC), and 156 Congolese Tutsi refugees killed in Gatumba camp attack (2004). Born on this day: Fidel Castro, Sir Alfred Hitchcock and Alfred Hitchcock. Died: Florence Nightingale, H.G. Wells and Eugène Delacroix.
27 events, 60 births and 61 deaths on this date.
Octavian, later known as Augustus, took part in Rome's victory parade to mark his campaign against the Dalmatian peoples. It opened three triumphs in a row, a display that showed he now dominated the city, years before he became emperor in 27 BC.
С. И. Сосновский · CC BY-SA 4.0CleopatraHear the story in ChunksIn a refugee camp in Burundi, 156 Congolese Tutsi who had fled across the border were killed in an attack. The killings showed how the conflict in neighbouring Congo had spilled over into Burundi.
The territory, formerly the French colony of Ubangi-Shari, became a separate sovereign state on this day. It began a run of independence that was often marred by coups, autocratic rule and armed conflict.
Monks from the Enryaku-ji temple torched 21 temples of the rival Nichiren sect across Kyoto. The fires were part of a bitter feud between Buddhist schools, later called the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance.
Overnight, East German forces sealed the boundary between East and West Berlin, stopping residents from slipping across to the West. Work began on the concrete wall that would divide the city for nearly three decades.
Hartford resident William Gray was granted a US patent for a telephone that could be operated with coins. The design hinted at the coin-operated public telephones that later spread across American streets.
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Cuban revolutionary who led the country from 1959 until 2008 after toppling Fulgencio Batista. He turned Cuba into a one-party communist state and aligned it closely with the Soviet Union, a choice that brought the Cold War close to nuclear conflict.
Unknown (Mondadori Publishers) · Public domain
Born in London, Hitchcock became known as the Master of Suspense, directing thrillers such as Psycho, Rear Window and The 39 Steps. He also hosted the television series Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and his films still shape how directors build tension.
Ante Brkan · Public domain
Alfred Hitchcock was an English filmmaker who became known as the Master of Suspense. He made thrillers such as The 39 Steps and Psycho, and moved to Hollywood in 1939.
Ante Brkan · Public domain
Florence Nightingale died in 1910, aged 90. She is remembered as the founder of modern nursing, having set up a professional nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860.
Henry Hering (1814-1893) · Public domain
Wells wrote The Time Machine, The War of the Worlds and The Invisible Man, stories that helped readers picture time travel and alien invasion. Beyond fiction, he was a restless social critic who anticipated aircraft, tanks and nuclear weapons.
George Charles Beresford · Public domain
Delacroix was the leading figure of French Romantic painting, known for vivid colour and dramatic movement over neat outlines. He also kept a diary and was among the last painters of the old masters tradition, admired for his bold brushwork.
Eugène Delacroix · Public domain
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