Catherine II allows Jews to settle in Kyiv (1794), and Napoleon agrees ceasefire with the Papal States at Bologna (1797). Born on this day: Alan Turing, Zinedine Zidane and Anna Akhmatova. Died: Jonas Salk, Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Peter Falk.
31 events, 61 births and 62 deaths on this date.
Catherine the Great, Russia's empress, gave Jews permission to live in Kyiv, a city where they had previously been barred from settling. The decision was part of her wider policy of drawing settlers and skills into newly won Russian lands.
After Alexander Roslin · Public domainNapoleon's armistice at Bologna halted fighting between his French forces and the Papal States during his Italian campaign. It was an early sign of how quickly he could force rival powers to the negotiating table.
Kennedy Space Center's new Space Station Processing Facility opened as a purpose-built factory for preparing International Space Station hardware before launch. It gave teams a dedicated clean, modern building to assemble and test station components, which the programme needed as construction ramped up.
Signed as part of the Education Amendments, the law bars any school or university that takes federal money from treating students differently by sex. Patsy Mink co-wrote it, and it later became the basis for equal opportunity in school sport.
Johnson and Soviet premier Alexei Kosygin began three days of talks in Glassboro, New Jersey, at a time of sharp Cold War tension. The meeting was held at a college campus rather than in a capital, and it gave both leaders a chance to speak directly.
Henry VIII and Francis I bound their kingdoms to help each other against Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in a pact now called the Pommeraye treaty. The pledge put two of Europe's major monarchies on the same side against the Habsburg emperor.
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Alan Turing was an English mathematician whose work on the Turing machine laid foundations for modern computing. During the Second World War he led codebreaking efforts at Bletchley Park, helping the Allies read German Enigma messages.
Elliott & Fry · Public domain
Zidane is a French former midfielder widely considered one of football's greatest players, famed for his elegance and ball control. He later coached Real Madrid to multiple titles, including two separate spells in charge.
Hadi Abyar · CC BY 4.0
Anna Akhmatova was a Russian poet whose spare, emotionally restrained verse broke new ground in Russian literature. She chose to stay in the Soviet Union despite Stalinist censorship, and recorded its terror in her great cycle Requiem.
Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin · Public domain
Jonas Salk was an American virologist whose inkling of a polio vaccine, tested in 1955, became one of the first to work. He refused to patent it, so it spread quickly across the world, and he later founded the Salk Institute in California.
SAS Scandinavian Airlines · Public domain
He and Carl Friedrich Gauss helped invent one of the first electromagnetic telegraphs. A German physicist and university teacher, he was also known as a philosopher.
Gottlieb Biermann · Public domain
Peter Falk played the rumpled detective Lieutenant Columbo on television for decades, winning four Primetime Emmys for the role. He also appeared in films including The Princess Bride and Wings of Desire.
TV studio · Public domain
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