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The Twelve Apostles

Who the twelve apostles of Jesus were according to the Gospels and Acts, and what the New Testament and later church traditions say became of Peter, James, Thomas and Matthias.

Chapter 1

A Deliberate Choice

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Around 30 AD, a teacher named Jesus of Nazareth selected a special group of twelve followers. They were called apostles, from a Greek word meaning 'one who is sent'. This number wasn't random; it was a powerful symbol meant to represent the restoration of the twelve tribes of ancient Israel. These twelve were distinct from the wider circle of his disciples and were given a specific mission: to preach and heal in his name. Among the first chosen were two sets of brothers, Peter and Andrew, and James and John, all fishermen from Galilee. Their selection marked the beginning of a new movement, but the individual fates of these men would vary dramatically, with some becoming central figures and others vanishing from the historical record.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why were there exactly twelve apostles?

The number twelve was a deliberate symbolic choice by Jesus. It was intended to represent the restoration of the twelve tribes of ancient Israel, signaling a new beginning for the people. This made the group more than just followers; they were the foundation of a new community.

Is the list of the twelve apostles the same in all parts of the Bible?

Mostly, but not entirely. The lists in Matthew and Mark include an apostle named Thaddaeus. However, the lists in Luke and Acts replace him with a figure named 'Judas, son of James.' Later tradition suggested these were two names for the same person.

Is it historically proven that the apostle Thomas went to India?

There is no definitive proof, but there is intriguing evidence. The story comes from a 3rd-century text, and for a long time, the king mentioned, Gondophares, was thought to be mythical. The discovery of his coins in the 19th century proved he was a real king who ruled at the right time, lending historical credibility to the ancient tradition.

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