In December 1944, a 22-year-old intelligence officer named Hiroo Onoda was sent to Lubang, a small island in the Philippines. He had trained at an elite spy school, where he learned that his first duty was to stay alive behind enemy lines, however many years it took. His commander, Major Yoshimi Taniguchi, gave him a final order. The major told him, 'You are absolutely forbidden to die by your own hand. It may take three years, it may take five, but whatever happens, we'll come back for you.' Onoda was to wreck the airstrip and the pier, then lead a guerrilla campaign from the hills. He believed every word. This is the story of a soldier who kept fighting a war that had already ended, and why it took 29 years to stop him. What would it take to end his war?
Hiroo Onoda's 29-Year War
Hiroo Onoda kept fighting on Lubang Island for 29 years, until his old commander read him a formal order in 1974.
Never Surrender
Frequently Asked Questions
Why did Hiroo Onoda keep fighting after World War II ended?
Onoda had been trained to treat any information that contradicted his orders as enemy propaganda. He dismissed a note, leaflets with a surrender order, and even letters from his family as tricks. His commander had told him to stay alive and promised to come back for him.
How was Hiroo Onoda finally persuaded to give up?
The adventurer Norio Suzuki found him in February 1974 and photographed him, but Onoda would not leave without an order from his superior. Suzuki located Major Yoshimi Taniguchi, who flew to Lubang and read out an order relieving Onoda of all military duties on March 9, 1974.
What happened to Hiroo Onoda after he surrendered?
President Ferdinand Marcos pardoned him in Manila on March 11, 1974, despite the deaths of about 30 civilians on Lubang. Onoda found Japan unrecognizable, ranched cattle in Brazil, and opened a nature school for children in 1984. He died in Tokyo in 2014 at age 91.
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